There are laws in which journalists have to stick to when it comes to publishing their research.
For example the law of defamation: allow people who consider that their reputation has been or may be harmed by statements made by others to sue for damages or to prevent the publishing of the statements. Laws such as this are put in place in order to protect people however of course it is not always successful.
If a person does decide to sue for damages or prevention then the researcher is liable for the damages, in other words they are legally responsible for the damage that is caused by their actions.
There are also laws within publishing that state that whatever you publish has to be based on fact and cannot solely be the opinion of the researcher.
So when publishing research it is surely at the researcher’s own risk? They risk breeching ethical guidelines on research as well as laws that are set in place.